China Nengxun Communication Technology Co.,Ltd. Company News

Among the hottest events at the moment, the special military conflict between Russia and Ukraine is undoubtedly at the forefront. Friends who care about international military wars have also felt the widespread use of drones in war environments. So the question is, have drone jammers been used in the special military conflict between Russia and Ukraine? What role can drone jammers play in such military operations? From the news media and various pictures and video materials released abroad, we can easily see a lot of content about actual battlefield combat, and they are all shot from the cameras on drones. Based on these, we can make an analysis: many of the content shot by drones that have been made public comes from the Russian military, while on the contrary, there are very few pictures shot by drones from the Ukrainian military. This has a lot to do with Russia's absolute air superiority, and it can also explain a problem, that is, the Ukrainian military is seriously lacking in drone jammers. Not only is there no way to strike and destroy Russian drones, but even the relatively easy-to-achieve drone jamming has not been achieved. Although we do not take sides in the special military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, from the perspective of the drone applications and offensive and defensive postures of both sides, it is obvious that Ukraine is completely at a disadvantage in the airspace competition due to various factors of its own, coupled with the lack of drone defense and drone jammers, so it can use Russian drones to conduct close reconnaissance or launch attacks at will. If we think about it from another angle, if Ukraine equips and uses drone jammers, then Russian drones will not fly freely over the battlefield, and Ukraine will also reduce a lot of unnecessary losses.

The thermostat is made based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of objects. Thermal expansion and contraction are common properties of objects, but the degree of thermal expansion and contraction of different objects is different. The two sides of the double gold sheet are conductors of different materials. Under changing temperatures, the double gold sheet bends due to different expansion and contraction degrees, and touches the set contact or switch, so that the set circuit (protection) starts to work. This is the basic working principle and production idea of ​​the thermostat.

A micro switch is a quick switch actuated by pressure, also called a sensitive switch. A main control electrical appliance with a very small stroke and instantaneous action. A micro switch is a small contact switch that is turned on by a light touch of the hand. It is often used in factories as a short circuit and overcurrent protection inside a large switch. When an external mechanical force acts on the operating button, the operating button moves downward and the spring is stretched by the hook. When the spring is pulled to a certain length, the moving spring moves downward rapidly, and the contact at the right end of the moving spring turns to contact the normally open contact below, thereby realizing the circuit conversion. If the external force is removed, the contact is instantly converted again under the action of the spring restoring force. By adding some rollers or pressure blocks, other structural types of micro switches can be derived to adapt to different uses. It is widely used in mouse, household appliances, industrial machinery, motorcycles and other places. Although the switch is small, it plays an irreplaceable role. The working principle of the micro switch is: the external mechanical force acts on the action reed through the transmission element (pin, button, lever, roller, etc.), and after the energy is accumulated to the critical point, an instantaneous action is generated, so that the moving contact at the end of the action reed is quickly connected or disconnected with the fixed contact. When the force on the transmission element is removed, the action reed generates a reverse action force. When the reverse stroke of the transmission element reaches the critical point of the action of the reed, the reverse action is completed instantly. The contact spacing of the micro switch is small, the action stroke is short, the pressing force is small, and the on-off is fast. The action speed of its moving contact has nothing to do with the action speed of the transmission element. The micro switch is based on the pin type, which can be derived from the button short stroke type, button large stroke type, button extra large stroke type, roller button type, reed roller type, lever roller type, short arm type, long arm type, etc. Micro switches are used in electronic equipment and other equipment for automatic control and safety protection devices that require frequent switching of circuits. Micro switches are divided into large, medium and small types. According to different needs, they can be waterproof (used in liquid environment) and ordinary types. The switch connects two circuits to provide power on and off control for electrical appliances, machines, etc. The control of the micro switch is achieved by using the throttle cable cam that controls the throttle opening. The micro switch is installed in the appropriate position of the cable cam. When the throttle cable cam returns to its position, it presses against the micro switch arm, disconnects the power supply of the relay electromagnetic coil, and the relay is disconnected.

The most basic function of electronic components is to hinder the flow of current. The two most basic parameters for measuring resistors are resistance and power. Resistance is used to indicate the magnitude of the resistance to current, expressed in ohms. In addition to the basic units, there are also kilo-ohms and megohms. Power is used to indicate the maximum current that a resistor can withstand, expressed in watts, and there are 1/16W, 1/8W, 1/4W, 1/2W, 1W, 2W, etc. If this maximum value is exceeded, the resistor will burn out. Depending on the materials used to make resistors, there are cement resistors (low production cost, high power, high thermal noise, insufficient resistance, unstable operation), carbon film resistors, metal film resistors (small size, stable operation, low noise, high precision) and metal oxide film resistors, etc. Depending on whether the resistance value is variable, it can be divided into fine-tuning resistors, adjustable resistors, potentiometers, etc.

Switching power supplies have outstanding advantages such as high efficiency, light weight, small size, and wide voltage stabilization range. Since their advent in the mid-20th century, they have developed extremely rapidly and have been widely used in computers, communications, aerospace, offices, and household appliances. It has great potential to replace linear regulated power supply. Improving circuit integration is one of the pursuits of switching power supplies. For small and medium power switching power supplies, it is to achieve monolithic integration. The switching integrated voltage regulator refers to the integration of the control circuit, power switch tube and protection circuit into one chip, and the switching power supply composed of the switching integrated voltage regulator is called a monolithic switching power supply. The monolithic switching power supply series of the American PI Company is its outstanding representative. The 250W switching power supply circuit designed by TOPSwitch—GX is shown in Figure 1. The DC voltage is added to the drain D of TOPSwitch-GX through the primary side of the transformer; the frequency selection terminal F and the limit current setting terminal X are connected to the source S, then the functions of both ends are useless, that is, the limit is not set externally. Current, the self-protection current ILIMIT is automatically set internally, and the switching operating frequency is 132K; the control pole is connected to the optocoupler LTV817 and receives feedback signals to control the duty cycle of the internally integrated high-voltage power MOS tube; the line detection terminal L passes through a 2MΩ The resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the DC high-voltage input to realize line voltage detection of overvoltage and undervoltage line voltage feedforward. Capacitor C1 is a high-frequency filter capacitor; the transient voltage suppressor P6KE200 and the ultra-fast recovery diode BYV26C form a clamping circuit, and an RC absorption circuit (composed of R2, R3 and C6) is connected in series to it, so that in addition to absorbing part of the leakage inductance In addition to the energy in the circuit, the voltage can also be clamped at 200V, so that the drain voltage of the TOPSwitch-GX internal integrated MOS tube does not exceed 700V when the switching power supply is started or overloaded; the secondary output of the high-frequency transformer T1 passes through the MURl640CT After rectification and C9, C10 and C11 filtering, and then filtering the switching noise through magnetic beads L1 and C12, the output voltage is obtained; VD4 and C14 form a soft-start circuit. The monolithic switching power supply has significant advantages such as monolithic integration, simpler peripheral circuits, better performance indicators, and the ability to achieve complete isolation without power frequency transformer electrical appliances. It is an ideal choice for us to design switching power supplies below 290W.

With the rapid development of power electronics technology and the switch industry, the relationship between power electronic equipment and people's work and life is becoming increasingly close, and electronic equipment cannot do without reliable power supply. In the 1980s, computer power supplies were fully realized as switch power supplies, and the power supply replacement of computers was completed first. In the 1990s, switch power supplies were successively introduced into various electronic and electrical equipment fields. Programmable switches, communications, electronic testing equipment power supplies, control equipment power supplies, etc. have been widely used in switch power supplies, which has promoted the rapid development of switch power supply technology. Switching power supply is a power supply that uses modern power electronics technology to control the time ratio of switching transistors to open and close to maintain a stable output voltage. Switching power supply is generally composed of pulse width modulation (PWM) control IC and MOSFET. Compared with switching power supply and linear power supply, the cost of both increases with the increase of output power, but the growth rate of the two is different. The cost of linear power supply is higher than that of switching power supply at a certain output power point, which is the cost reversal point. With the development and innovation of power electronics technology, switching power supply technology is constantly innovating, and this cost reversal point is increasingly moving towards the low output power end, which provides a wide range of development space for switching power supply. The high frequency of switching power supply is its development direction. High frequency makes the switching power supply smaller and allows the switching power supply to enter a wider range of applications, especially in the field of high-tech, which promotes the miniaturization and lightness of high-tech products. In addition, the development and application of switching power supply are of great significance in saving energy, saving resources and protecting the environment.

A sensor is a detection device that can sense the information being measured and can convert the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control. It is the primary link in realizing automatic detection and automatic control. The national standard GB7665-87 defines sensors as: "devices or devices that can sense the specified measured quantity and convert it into usable signals according to certain rules, usually composed of sensitive elements and conversion elements." Sensors can be classified from different perspectives: their conversion principles (the basic physical or chemical effects of sensor operation); their uses; their output signal types and the materials and processes used to make them. According to the working principle of sensors, sensors can be divided into two categories: physical sensors and chemical sensors: Classification of sensor working principles Physical sensors use physical effects, such as piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization, thermoelectric, photoelectric, magnetoelectric and other effects. Slight changes in the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals. Chemical sensors include those sensors that are causally related to phenomena such as chemical adsorption and electrochemical reactions. Slight changes in the measured signal quantity will also be converted into electrical signals. Some sensors cannot be classified into either physical or chemical categories. Most sensors operate based on physical principles. Chemical sensors have many technical problems, such as reliability, the possibility of large-scale production, price issues, etc. Once these problems are solved, the application of chemical sensors will grow tremendously. Sensor classification Sensor classification 1: According to their use, sensors can be classified Pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors  Position sensors Liquid level sensors  Energy consumption sensors Speed ​​sensors Acceleration sensors  Radiation sensors Thermal sensors Sensor classification 2: According to their principles, sensors can be classified Vibration sensors  Humidity sensors Magnetic sensors  Gas sensors Vacuum sensors  Biosensors, etc.  Sensor classification 3: Sensors can be classified based on their output signals: Analog sensors - convert the measured non-electrical quantity into analog electrical signals.  Digital sensor - converts the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion).  Pseudo-digital sensor - converts the measured signal quantity into a frequency signal or a short-period signal output (including direct or indirect conversion).  Switch sensor - when a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor outputs a set low-level or high-level signal accordingly. Sensor classification 4: Classification by material  Under the influence of external factors, all materials will make corresponding and characteristic reactions. Among them, those materials that are more sensitive to external effects, that is, those with functional characteristics, are used to make sensitive elements of sensors. From the perspective of the materials used, sensors can be divided into the following categories: (1) According to the type of materials used: metals, polymers, ceramics, and mixtures  (2) According to the physical properties of the materials: conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and magnetic materials (3) According to the crystal structure of the materials: single crystals, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials Sensor classification 5: According to their manufacturing process, sensors can be divided into: Integrated sensors, thin film sensors, thick film sensors, and ceramic sensors

The so-called capacitor is an electronic component that holds and releases electric charge. The basic working principle of the capacitor is charging and discharging, and of course there are rectification, oscillation and other functions. In addition, the structure of the capacitor is very simple, mainly composed of two positive and negative electrodes and an insulating medium sandwiched in the middle, so the type of capacitor is mainly determined by the electrodes and the insulating medium. The uses of capacitors are very many, mainly as follows: 1. DC isolation: The function is to prevent DC from passing through and allow AC to pass through. 2. Bypass (decoupling): Provide a low impedance path for certain parallel components in the AC circuit. 3. Coupling: As a connection between two circuits, it allows AC signals to pass through and be transmitted to the next level of circuit 4. Filtering: This is very important for DIY. The capacitors on the graphics card basically have this function. 5. Temperature compensation: Compensate for the impact caused by the lack of adaptability of other components to temperature and improve the stability of the circuit. 6. Timing: Capacitors and resistors are used in conjunction to determine the time constant of the circuit. 7. Tuning: System tuning of frequency-related circuits, such as mobile phones, radios, and televisions. 8. Rectification: Open or close a semi-closed conductor switching element at a predetermined time. 9. Energy storage: Store electrical energy for release when necessary. For example, camera flash, heating equipment, etc. (Today, the energy storage level of some capacitors is close to that of lithium batteries. The energy stored in a capacitor can power a mobile phone for a day.

A micro switch is a quick switch actuated by pressure, also called a sensitive switch. A main control electrical appliance with a very small stroke and instantaneous action. A micro switch is a small contact switch that is turned on by a light touch of the hand. It is often used in factories as a short circuit and overcurrent protection inside a large switch. When an external mechanical force acts on the operating button, the operating button moves downward and the spring is stretched by the hook. When the spring is pulled to a certain length, the moving spring moves downward rapidly, and the contact at the right end of the moving spring turns to contact the normally open contact below, thereby realizing the circuit conversion. If the external force is removed, the contact is instantly converted again under the action of the spring restoring force. By adding some rollers or pressure blocks, other structural types of micro switches can be derived to adapt to different uses. It is widely used in mouse, household appliances, industrial machinery, motorcycles and other places. Although the switch is small, it plays an irreplaceable role. The working principle of the micro switch is: the external mechanical force acts on the action reed through the transmission element (pin, button, lever, roller, etc.), and after the energy is accumulated to the critical point, an instantaneous action is generated, so that the moving contact at the end of the action reed is quickly connected or disconnected with the fixed contact. When the force on the transmission element is removed, the action reed generates a reverse action force. When the reverse stroke of the transmission element reaches the critical point of the action of the reed, the reverse action is completed instantly. The contact spacing of the micro switch is small, the action stroke is short, the pressing force is small, and the on-off is fast. The action speed of its moving contact has nothing to do with the action speed of the transmission element. The micro switch is based on the pin type, which can be derived from the button short stroke type, button large stroke type, button extra large stroke type, roller button type, reed roller type, lever roller type, short arm type, long arm type, etc. Micro switches are used in electronic equipment and other equipment for automatic control and safety protection devices that require frequent switching of circuits. Micro switches are divided into large, medium and small types. According to different needs, they can be waterproof (used in liquid environment) and ordinary types. The switch connects two circuits to provide power on and off control for electrical appliances, machines, etc. The control of the micro switch is achieved by using the throttle cable cam that controls the throttle opening. The micro switch is installed in the appropriate position of the cable cam. When the throttle cable cam returns to its position, it presses against the micro switch arm, disconnects the power supply of the relay electromagnetic coil, and the relay is disconnected.